Monday, January 25, 2016

Lets Talk About Science

smile Human Brain.
Pandas are Coooooooooooooooooooooooooooooool The Human Brain is Cool too

The Human Brain

The human brain is the main organ of the human central nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with more developed cerebral cortex. 

Skull and brain normal human.svg
The adult human brain weighs about 1.3 - 1.5 kg (2.9 - 3.3 lb), or about 2% of total body weight with  a volume of around 1130 cm cubic centimetre in woman and 1260 cm cubic centimetre in men.


How Your Brain Works

Parts of the Brain

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The brain is the control center of the body It contains thoughts, memory, speech and movement. It controls how many of your organs work. When the brain is healthy, it works quickly and automatically.The brain is the most complex part of the human body. All of the parts of the brain work together, but each part has its own special duties.
Learn more:
National Institute of Mental Health

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS :


Frontal lobes
front of brain, controls speech production, emotional behaviors, makes decisions, motor cortex initiates movement
Occipital lobes
back of brain, visual cortex, info from right visual field processed in left visual cortex and vice versa
Parietal lobes
touch sensations, insesnsory cortex, middle of brain behind motor cortex, btwn frontal and occipital lobes
Temporal lobes
hearing,wernickes area in left lobe, understands language, right lobe understands music, above ears

Hemispheres

right and left hemispheres divide brain in half

Forebrain

controls thought and reason, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala make up this part

Midbrain

coordinates simple movements with sensory info, reticular formation

Hindbrain

life support system, made of medulla, pons, cerebellum, brainstem

Fissures

seperate 4 lobes, folds

Pituitary gland

pea sized, in core of brain, controlled by hyppothalamus, releases hormones that influence growth, sex hormones

Cerebellum

baseball sized, extends from rear of brainstem, 2 halves, helps judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures,coordinates movement, balance

Cerebral cortex

covers cerebellum hemispheres like bark, neural cells, thinking crown, sensory info, high level thinking

Corpus callosum

wide band of axon fibers connecting 2 hemispheres of brain, carry messages between them

Hippocampus

enables formation of new long term memories, above pituitary to left next to amygdala

Hypothalamus

controld body temp, heartrate by controlling medulla, sets appetite, emotional state, hormones, biological rythms, bellow thalamus above pituitary

Lymbic system

made of amygdala. hypothalamus btwn brains older parts and cerebral hemispheres

Medulla

swelling of brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing

Pons

coordinate movement, above medulla, arousal

Associations areas

regions of cerebral cortex with no specific function but involved in high mental functions

Reticular formation

inside brainstem, btwn ears, network of neurons extending to thalamus, sensory info travels through, involved in arousal

Brocas area

left frontal lobe,ability to speak or expressive aphasia

Wernickes area

left temporal lobe,ability to comprehend written and spoken language or receptive aphasia

Motor cortex

strip down middle of cortex in rear of frontal lobes, left side controls right body movements vice versa

Sensory cortex

strip behind motor corex, front of parietal lobes, recieves info from skin senses and movement senses of body

Thalamus

top of the brainstem, joined pair of egg shaped structures, recieves info from all senses except smell snf routes it to higher brain regions that deal with that sense

Amygdala

two bean sized neural clusters next to hypocamupus on both sides, influences aggresion and fear

Visual cortex

un occipital lobe, reconstructs visual images

Auditory cortex

in both temporal lobes, center for hearing

Dendrites

branching tubular processes that recieve info and conducts it to cell body

Axon

emerges from cyton and branches into terminal buttons sends info from dendrites to other neurons

Myelin sheath

formed by glial cells, covers axon, insulates, helps speed process, increases as get older

Glial cells

make up myelin sheath

Action potential

brief electrical charge that travels down axon, a rush of ions into neuron after its resting period

Resting potential

neurons arent transmitting or recieveing info, inside is negative outside axon is positive

Depolorization

causes next axon to open, internal charge changes to positive and is same as outside, change in charge produces action potential

Refractory period

neuron pumps sodium outside and then fires again

Terminal buttons

recieve info from axon

Sensory neurons

recieve info that go to brain and spinal cord

Motor neurons

carry outgoing messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

Peripheal nervous system

sensory and motor neurons connect to central nervous system to rest of body

Somatic nervous system

part of peripheal, controls skeletal muscles

Sympathetic nervous system

division of autonomic, arouses body, mobilizes in stressful situations, unvoluntary, fight or flight

Parasympathetic nervous system

calms body after an emergency and after sympathetic nervous system works

Autonomic nervous system

non voluntary movements

Excitory neurotransmitters

cause next neuron to fire

Inhibitory nerotransmitters

prevent next neuron from firing

Adrenal glands

release adrenaline, increase heart rate, blood pressure

Afferent neurons

go to brain

Efferent neurons

exit brain

Acetocholine

enables muscle action, learning, memory

Alzheimers disease

caused by deterioration of acetocholine producing neurons

Dopamine

influences movement,learning,attention,emotion, pleasure and reward system

Schizophrenia

excess dopamine

Parkinsons disease

lack of dopamine produces tremors and decreaseed mobility

Serotonin

affects mood,hunger,sleep,arousal

Depression

lack of serotonin. prozac medication

Norepinephrine

controls alertness and arousal

Depressed mood

lack of norepinephrine

Glutamine

involved in memory, excitatory neurotransmitter, oversupply causes migrains or seizures

Plasticity

brains ability to form new connections that take over for damaged part

Right brain

simple spatial reasoning

Left brain

produces speech and understands it

Interneurons

only in central nervous system

ELectroencephalogram

amplified reading of waves produced by electrical activity in the brain, ataches things to the head

PET

consumes radioactive glucose and it shows where brain is most active
MIR
magnetic field, aligns spinning of atoms, when atoms return to normal spin they release signals that provide detailed picture of brain tissues

MRI

reveals structure and function, shows brain functions by blood movement to that part

CAT

computerized image using xrays passed through brain to show lesion




The development

During the first three weeks of gestation, the human embryo's ectoderm forms a thickened strip called the neural plate. The neural plate then folds and closes to form the neural tube. This tube flexes as it grows, forming the crescent-shaped cerebral hemispheres at the head, and the cerebellum and pons towards the tail.
Brain of human embryo at 4.5 weeks, showing interior of forebrain 
Brain interior at 5 weeks 
Brain viewed at midline at 3 months 

In Psychology, the human brain is separated into two parts : 



The Evolution of the Human Brain

John Hawksa professor of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, answers:


Humans are known for sporting big brains. On average, the size of primates' brains is nearly double what is expected for mammals of the same body size. Across nearly seven million years, the human brain has tripled in size, with most of this growth occurring in the past two million years.

Determining brain changes over time is tricky. We have no ancient brains to weigh on a scale. We can, however, measure the inside of ancient skulls, and a few rare fossils have preserved natural casts of the interior of skulls. Both approaches to looking at early skulls give us evidence about the volumes of ancient brains and some details about the relative sizes of major cerebral areas. ...

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So there you go guys, a few things for me to share about the human brain. I wish you learned and know more about the thing living inside your thick skull.

Facts about the Human Brain :


1. Lack of oxygen in the brain for 5-10 minutes results in permanent brain damage.
2. the human brain keeps developing until late 40s
3. The human brain is the only organ in the human body that lacks nerves despite the fact that it acts as the central command for the central nervous system. This simply implies that, the human brain feels no pain.
4. When awake, the human brain produces enough electricity to power a small light bulb.
5. The pathogist who made Einstein body autopsy stole his brain and kept it in the jar for 20 years.
6. 60% of your brain is fat.
7. Dieting can cause the brain to eat itself scientist say.
8. The smell of chocolate increases theta brain waves, which triggers relaxation.
9. Forgetting is good for the brain.
10. When you learn something new, the structure of the brain changes.
11. You have 70,000 thoughts a day.


THANKS FOR STOPPING BY

Credits/sources :
http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/games/riddles/brain.htm
https://quizlet.com/6867974/brain-parts-and-functions-psychology-flash-cards/
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-has-human-brain-evolved/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain




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